Types of Fire extinguishers
[we can easily understand about types of extinguisher by this post]
Introduction-
Fire is a
form of energy that very helpful for the earth but other side it is a
destroyer. Fire accidents increasing every year in industrial and domestic area
that also reason of fire injury for that invented different types of fire
extinguishers to fight against insisted fire (short type fire), it is one of
the best inventions of fire system. It highly helpful for control short
(initiation of fire) type of fire and prevent big fire accidents. It easy
to operate & carry due to light weight & small size. Large size also
available & carry through trolley, motor vehicle.
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Wet chemical & halon type |
Definition-
Extinguisher is known as first aid fire fighting device. Fire extinguisher is a cylindrical fire fighting device that can only control short type of fire event of any emergency in place.
It also known as chemical & first
aid fire fighting device.
Extinguisher available in different types, only one type of extinguisher
cannot be extinguish every type of fire because different types of fire have
separate extinguishing agents, that the reason of categorized it.
According of device system has two types of
Fire extinguishers –
Stored pressure type
Cartridge operated type
Store pressure types extinguisher
Stored pressure type extinguisher is an advance model that very easy to use for that it has much use at several industrial buildings area in present time.
Definition -
This types of fire
extinguishers contain extinguishing agent and expelled media (pressure create
media) store in same container at a time and there have no reaction between
each other in side of cylinder, it stored the pressure same container for that
it call stored pressure extinguisher.
This type of fire extinguisher
contains pressurized nitrogen (N2) and compress air for expelled
extinguishing agent.
It contains agents
according type of extinguisher.
This type of
extinguisher has 2 sections
Main body
Cap assembly
Main body- steel cylinder, siphon tube, strainer,
Cap assembly- safety pin, operating lever , spring valve, carrying handle ,pressure gauge , non return valve (NRV), discharge tube, nozzle,
Function of parts –
• Steel
cylinder – it contain water and expelled gas is nitrogen / compress
air
• Siphon
tube – it help to pump up the water
• Strainer
- it help to filter the water before enter to siphon tube.
• Operating
lever – it help to trigger the extinguisher
• Spring
valve – it control by operating lever to open the valve & start the flow
out.
• Handle
- it help to carry the extinguisher and also help to operate the lever.
• Pressure
gauge – it help to show the cylinder internal pressure.
• Non
return valve – it help to stop return of compress gas / air from cylinder.
• Discharge
tube – it help to throw out the extinguishing agent.
• Nozzle
– it help to spread the agents (water) to the fire.
• This
types of fire extinguishers have 1.6 mm cylinder that contain (agent)
measurement mark of cylinder and remain space fill by nitrogen (N2) / compress
air.
• Cap
assembly tightly screw top of the cylinder ant hold other parts for that it
call cap assembly.
• Operating
liver fix on the cap with carrying handle.
• Safety
pin attach with leaver.
• Spring
valve fix between siphon tube and discharge tube that that attach with
operating lever inside of cap.
• Pressure
gauge attach beside the discharge tube on the cap.
• Siphon
tube fix bottom form cylinder to connect with discharge tube.
• Nozzle
joint with discharge tube.
This type of fire extinguishers has already the agent pressurized by nitrogen (N2). During the fire first hard press to lever that open the spring valve and extinguishing agent throw out (distance 18 feet) through discharge tube and nozzle (jet pressure 7kg/cm2).
Every extinguisher have need
proper maintains for it always ready for extinguish fire in emergency, but this
type of fire extinguishers openly maintenance and refilling occur only on
manufacturer.
Daily/ weekly clean up the whole body.
Every 3/6 month need to it internal inspection by
professional.
Check the discharge tube and maintain too easy to work.
Need hydraulic test 25 kg/cm2 every 3 year for 6 minutes.
It can be use multi time by one time refilling.
Disadvantage - It some expensive.
It has
refilling by only manufacturer.
We cannot
maintenance it internally only by manufacturer.
Definition –
This type of extinguisher contain cartridge that fill by compress carbon
dioxide (co2), for that it call cartridge type extinguisher.
Gas
& agents –
This type of extinguisher co2 contain for expelled the extinguishing agents. And agents depend on type of extinguisher.
Parts of extinguisher – Extinguisher have 2 sections
Main body and cap assembly
Main body
– steel cylinder, cartridge, siphon tube, strainer, discharge tube,
nozzle, carrying handle.
Cap
assembly - safety clips, vent hole, inner hole, safety pin, nick ring, plunger/
operating lever, spring pin system.
Function
of parts –
• Steel cylinder- contain extinguishing agent water
• Gun metal cap – it help to tightly
screw hole of cylinder and hold other parts.
• Nick ring – it help to properly fix
the screw cap.
• Cartridge – contain compress co2 gas.
• Plunger /operating lever- that help
trigger the extinguisher.
• Spring pin system – it help to
puncher co2 cartridge.
• Safety vent hole – help to release
extra pressure of cylinder before the cap taken off during blockage cylinder or
unnecessary charge.
• Inner hole – it help to spared co2
gas on the cylinder from cartridge.
• Safety pin - it help to lock the
trigger.
• Siphon tube – it help to pump up
extinguishing agents to discharge tube.
• Strainer – it help to filter the
water.
• Discharge tube – it help to throw out
water.
• Nozzle - it help spread
the water on the fire like rain.
Assemble
of parts -
• This type of extinguisher has a 1.6
mm thick steel cylinder and cylinder fill by agents according of measurement
mark.
• Gun metal cap proper fix by nick ring
top the cylinder.
• The plunger/ operation lever joint on
cap that move through the cap.
• A safety pin attach with plunger.
• Safety vent hole fix beside the
plunger neck position of cap.
• Inner hole fix beside the cartridge
in side of cap.
• A spring pin system attach with
plunger/ operating lever.
• Co2 cartridge hold on cartridge
holder just under spring pin system in the cap.
• Siphon tube fix bottom of cylinder
and connect to discharge tube.
• Discharge tube attaches with cylinder
body (plunger type) or attach with cap assembly (operating lever type).
• A nozzle attach with end point of
discharge tube.
Technique
of work-
During the fire first hard press on the plunger/operating lever, then spring pin break the seal of cartridge to release co2 empty space of over the agents and create pressure(6 – 7kg/cm2) to the agents, the pressurize water pump up by siphon tube to throw (about 20 feet) out through discharge tube to center of fire.
Maintenance
-
Every
extinguisher have need proper maintains for it always ready for extinguish fire
in emergency.
• This type of extinguisher is one time
use by one time refilling.
• Daily/ weekly clean up the whole
body
• Check it properly every parts
interval every 3 month
• Must be check the weight of co2
cartridge, if it loss of 10% of weight so it not for use.
• All movable parts must be check for
to maintain proper movement
• Properly clean up inside of cylinder
and check about rust for metallic body.
• Check the siphon tube and discharge
tube to maintain proper working condition.
• Every one year it must be refilling
even it not charge.
• Every 2 year it must be hydraulic
test by 26 kg/cm2.
Liquid type
Powder type
Gas type
READ TO TOPIC CLICK TO BLUE ZONES BELLOW
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Liquid type |
Powder type |
Gas type |
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wet
chemical
extinguisher |
Carbon dioxide(CO2) extinguisher Halo
type extinguisher |
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P A S S method to operate the extinguisher –
Every extinguisher operated by P A S S method it help easily to learning and operating the extinguisher.
- P - Pull the extinguisher from the wall /extinguisher stand.
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