Methods of fire extinguishing & extinguishing agents
[we can detail study about fire extinguish and extinguishing agents through this post.]
Introduction-
Fire is a
form of energy that produce light heat smock. It is a necessary element of
human life .it can deeply help to increase productivity but in other side fire
is play role of destroyer. Every year has occurred different type of fire
accidents (industrial fire, domestic fire, forest fire etc) in the whole world.
And its result lot of humans other animals death, damage of property and
financial losses. Constantly increase of
fire accidents year to year in industrial site, so we must be know about fire
and method of fire extinguishing to prevent fire accidents on site.
Definition-
Typical meaning of Fire extinguish is that control the fire and
eliminate the fire on place.
Fire extinguishing is a system that deeply helps properly control
fire and fully eliminate the fire from site.
Method of fire firefighting-
Fire extinguishing process strongly depends on 4 golden methods to
deeply help for fight against fire in work place.
4 method of firefighting- Cooling
Smothering
Starvation
Break the chain reaction
Cooling-
Cooling is well method for
fighting against fire.try to reduce heat for control the hazardous fire this method is call cooling. Because heat is an important element to trigger the
fire, if we reduce the heat so we can successfully control the hazardous fire in
site.
Example- generally cold water is use for reduces the heat of fire.
Smothering-
Smothering is air controlling
method for fight against fire.try to cut off the air supply (O2) for control
hazardous fire this type of method is call smothering. Because air (O2) is
most important element it play the role of breathing air for fire, if we reduce
or cut off the air (O2) supply to fire, so we can easily control the hazardous
fire on site.
Example- Dry chemical powder (DCP), blanket, CO2 extinguisher, foam
& sand etc.
Starvation –
Starvation is fuel
controlling method for fight against fire. Try to cut off the fuel supply
for control
hazardous fire this type ofmethod is call starvation. Because fuel is most
important element it work like feed of fire, if we fully cut off the fuel
supply so we easily control or eliminate the hazardous fire on site
Example- stop the source of fuel supply, remove the fuel from fire
side.
Break the chain reaction-
It is a chain breaking
method for fight against fire. Fire fully depend on air ( O2 ) fuel and heat ,
it happen the burned fuel substance release lot of heat light and smock which trend to burn remaining fuel substance
this reaction occur again and again it call chain reaction. So we need to break
the chain reaction for control the hazardous fire on site.
Fire extinguishing agents-
Firefighting system
work through extinguishing agents for fight against fire.
The extinguishing agents are ---
1. Water
2. Foam
3. Carbon
dioxide (O2)
4. Dry
chemical powder (DCP)
5. Halogenated
hydrocarbon
6. Extinguishing agents of metal fire
7. Sand
8. Blanket
1. Water –
Water is common agent that use for fight against fire. Cooling method work through
the water.
Water is a good solvent and minimum change of viscosity with
temperature so it can be easily pumped.
Latent vaporized heat is high so it can absorb high amount of heat
from the fire place. Water can expansion by heat with high rate (1 liter water
can produce 1700 liter steam) this feature create smothering effect that help
for fight against fire. Surface tension is very high of water for that it can
be easily spray with jet spray that deeply help to control the fire. Density of
water strongly helps for penetration to fire place. Water is easily available
elements so it a first choice for fight against fire.
2. Foam-
Foam means forth, it is a
substance that creates from tramping air/gas in liquid or solid. Foam is a very
well extinguishing agent and it use increasing day to day in this mordant time.
Smothering method (create a coat on the liquid fuel to reduce the oxygen supply)
work through foam to control the fire.
Foam has 2 types – Mechanical foam
Chemical foam
- Mechanical foam-
A particular concentration
of foam mixing with appropriate amount of water and co2 is release when the
plunger depress to the solution mix then
forcefully release through the nozzle to
fire that create the mechanical foam.
Example – protein foam,
aqua’s film forming (AFFF) etc.
- Chemical foam –
It is a small bubble
containing solution. Sodium bicarbonate and aluminium sulfate react with each
other and create foam and carbon dioxide (CO2) this type foam is call chemical
foam.
Formula – 6NaHCO3+ AL2 (SO4)3 ---- > 3Na2 SO4+ 2AL (OH) 3 +6CO2
Uses- foam uses for liquid fire/B type fire
3. Carbon dioxide (CO2)-
CO2 is an inert gas that does
not react with fuel. It is very help full extinguishing agent for fight against
fire on place. Co2 is a very important agent in present time and it requirement increasing day by day
specially for industrial site. Smothering and cooling method work through co2
media.
It stays liquid form in low
temperature and expansion is very high. Co2 create cooling effect and heavy
than air for that to reduce the o2 level of fire for control.
Uses- co2 use for electrical fire/E type fire
4. Halogenated hydrocarbons (halons)-
It is a high toxicity chemical extinguishing agent that efficiency for the fight against fire, it also known as hydrocarbon. It very
light weight and effectively control the fire than co2
Uses- halon specially use in aircraft.
5. Dry chemical powder (DCP)-
Dry chemical powder (DCP) is a very common and
three dimensional agent that availability high than others. It can prevents
evolution of flammable vapour and eliminate the chances of re- ignition. The smothering
method is work through DCP.
Some important dry
chemical powder is—sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium
chloride, potassium sulfate etc.
Uses- use for A, B & C type fire.
6. Extinguishing agents of metal fire-
some extinguishing agent available for fight against metal fire. metal starting burn in high temperature(1600 deg) others types agents are not capable to control the metal fire, so required to special type of agents to control the metal fire. MEL -X powder composed by sodium chloride, tri calcium
phosphate and zinc separate and powdered thermoplastic material , G-1 powder is mixture of graphite foundry coke are agents easy to use for extinguish metal fire/D type fire.
some other agents are - ternary eutectic chloride( TEC), INERT gases etc.
some other agents are - ternary eutectic chloride( TEC), INERT gases etc.
Uses- it very suitable for metal fire/ D type fire
7. Sand-
Sand is a very common fire
fighting agent . It uses most of every fire hazardous area.Smothering method work through sand, it make cover on fire to cut
off the o2 supply.
Uses- it uses for A & B type fire but it only working on small
fire.
8.Fire blanket –
Fire blanket is very help full extinguishing agent. it works as a cover on the fire to control of fire by using smothering method.
Fire blanket professionally use in fire hazardous work place but normal cotton blanket
also help fighting against small fire.
medias are- fire extinguisher , fire tender , fire hydrant , sprinklers , fire ball etc.
Fire fighting media-
fire extinguish media means which types of equipment or machinery are use for fight agents fire . all extinguish agents work through extinguishing medias for fire extinguishing.medias are- fire extinguisher , fire tender , fire hydrant , sprinklers , fire ball etc.
conclusion - after study this post you can gain your knowledge about fire extinguishing methods & agents.
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